Background: Sequential doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel is a commonly used chemotherapy regimen in breast cancer and is associated with cumulative systemic toxicity. Routine laboratory biomarkers may provide an accessible means of tracking hematologic, hepatic, and electrolyte changes during treatment.\nObjective: To quantitatively characterize cumulative and phase-specific changes in a broad panel of routine laboratory biomarkers during sequential AC followed by paclitaxel chemotherapy.\nMethods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in 29 female breast cancer patients treated with four cycles of AC followed by four cycles of paclitaxel, yielding eight sequential treatment time points. After data cleaning, linear mixed models were used to evaluate overall biomarker trajectories across all time points and the effects of treatment phase, cycle within phase, and their interaction on 25 hematologic, hepatic, and electrolyte parameters. P-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate method.\nResults: Significant progressive changes were observed across the 8-cycle treatment course. Hematologic indices showed sustained declines in RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (all overall trend FDR p<0.001), with hemoglobin declining from 12.75 ± 1.20 g/dL at AC Cycle 1 to 11.21 ± 1.13 g/dL at Paclitaxel Cycle 4. Significant phase-by-cycle interactions for hemoglobin (FDR p=0.005) and hematocrit (FDR p<0.001) indicated a steeper decline during the AC phase with relative stabilization during paclitaxel. MCH, MCHC, and RDW increased progressively (all overall trend FDR p<0.001), suggesting evolving erythropoietic stress. MPV declined significantly over the treatment course (FDR p<0.001). Among hepatic markers, GGT showed significant phase, cycle, and phase-by-cycle effects (all FDR p≤0.002), indicating a distinct phase-dependent trajectory. Electrolyte changes included a significant overall decline in potassium (FDR p=0.005) and a significant phase-by-cycle interaction for calcium (FDR p=0.026).\nConclusion: Sequential AC followed by paclitaxel chemotherapy is associated with cumulative, progressive, and phase-specific alterations in routine hematologic, hepatic, and electrolyte biomarkers. The observed trajectories of hemoglobin, RDW, GGT, potassium, and calcium suggest that routinely collected laboratory parameters may help characterize the systemic toxicity profile of this regimen and may serve as practical candidates for future prospective validation studies.

Open feedlots expose heifers to radiant load before summer peaks. We compared three shade geometries paired with elevated bedding pads in a replicated pen trial. Respiration rate, rectal temperature at peak solar angle, and daily gain were recorded for twenty-eight days. East-west oriented shade with side baffles lowered black-globe-adjusted heat indices more than simple roof extensions. Average daily gain improved modestly with fewer panting hours. Costing notes help producers prioritize retrofit sequences when steel prices fluctuate.

Dual-purpose farms balance milk and calf sales under rainfall uncertainty. We modeled split-calving calendars against historical forage gaps and milk price seasonality for sixty-five households. Partial budgeting included labor for extra heatsynch visits and calf mortality risk. Farms that shifted twenty percent of calvings to the short rainy window improved cash flow stability without large herd expansion. Sensitivity analysis showed benefits hinge on access to conserved forage and timely artificial insemination services rather than genetics alone.

Automated body condition scoring often fails under mixed natural and fluorescent lighting. We trained a compact model on hip and pin bone landmarks from phone video collected on eight farms. Augmentations simulated glare, shadows, and partial occlusion from headlocks. Compared with technician scores, the model achieved acceptable agreement on a five-point scale after farmer-guided recalibration each lactation stage. Deployment used on-device inference to limit data costs. Practical guidance covers camera height, lane markings, and when to reshoot clips after facility changes.

Brucellosis control depends on coordinated animal vaccination and human risk communication. We developed short modules for community health workers covering pasteurized milk myths, abortion storms in cattle, and referral cues. Modules were piloted alongside district veterinary campaigns in two woredas. Post-training surveys showed improved symptom recognition and higher reported use of protective gloves during calving assistance. Integration with existing vaccination calendars increased attendance at joint human-animal health fairs. Sustainability will rely on refresher drills and simplified job aids in local languages.

Heat-humidity stress and mudding increase environmental mastitis risk but are unevenly monitored on low-input farms. We combined public weather indices with monthly somatic cell trends from bulk tanks across forty-two villages. Simple thresholds triggered text alerts to encourage bedding refresh and milking hygiene checks. During the warm season, herds that acted on at least half of alerts showed slower cell count drift than matched controls. The approach avoids expensive barn sensors while keeping recommendations actionable for family labor routines.

Tropical silage faces spoilage from aerobic instability after opening. Farmers co-designed paired farm trials comparing commercial homofermentative inoculants with a blended culture under identical packing density targets. Dry matter recovery, pH profiles, and aerobic heating after feed-out were tracked for forty-five days. Blended treatments improved stability in six of nine stacks when face management was consistent. Results emphasize that inoculant choice interacts strongly with face opening rates and shading of bunkers in humid climates.

Smallholder cooperatives struggle to document batch movements for export-oriented buyers. We prototyped a permissioned ledger workflow tied to weighing slips and vaccination booklets in three associations. Cooperative staff entered events on low-cost tablets with intermittent connectivity. Auditors could verify chain-of-custody summaries without exposing private farm data. Pilots cut dispute resolution time and clarified premium eligibility rules. Lessons highlight training intensity and the need for backup paper trails when power is unreliable.

Subclinical ketosis remains costly in pasture-based dairies where daily yarding is limited. We evaluated a lightweight rumen bolus that streams temperature and activity proxies to a farm gateway across twenty herds in the Eastern Cape. Alerts were tuned against weekly milk ketone spot checks and fresh cow health records for sixteen weeks. The system reduced missed cases relative to visual screening alone while keeping false positives manageable when farmers adjusted concentrate in response to early warnings. Findings support targeted supplementation protocols without adding heavy labor during calving peaks.

In this study Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is synthesized using the hydrothermal method in order to prepare compounds containing Titanium Dioxide (TiO?) nanoparticles doped with MgO in different weight ratios through the sol-gel route. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis found that the Titanium Dioxide crystallizes in the highly crystalline anatase phase. Also, it�s found that due to the highest concentration of MgO and network stress caused by Mg?� and inhibition of crystal growth. The dopant ions reduced crystal size from 8.4 nm to 6.2 nm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images indicated better particle shape and less agglomeration when MgO concentrations increased. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characteristic M�O vibration, which ranges from 498 to 526 cm?�, was also performed to verify the composition of these compounds under study. The successful incorporation of magnesium into the TiO? matrix was confirmed by Energy-Dispersed X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the weight ratio of 5 percent gave the grade value where the Mg ions are highly good in terms of morphological and structural stability, making it the best photocatalytic performer among all the studied samples

Livestock farming plays a vital role in strengthening rural livelihoods and supporting the agricultural economy in India. However, livestock farmers often face difficulties in accessing timely technical information due to limitations in conventional extension systems. Mobile-based advisory services have emerged as an effective approach to improve information dissemination and support farm-level decision-making. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of the �Cattle Guru� mobile application in enhancing farmers� knowledge of improved cattle management practices. The study was conducted in Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh using an experimental before�after research design. A total of 80 cattle farmers were selected through a multistage random sampling technique and were provided access to the mobile application for three months. Data were collected through structured interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results revealed that 71.00% of respondents had a medium level of knowledge regarding improved cattle management practices, while 65.00% perceived the mobile application as moderately effective in providing advisory information. Correlation analysis indicated that mass media exposure (r = 0.58) and extension contact (r = 0.37) had significant positive relationships with farmers� knowledge levels. The findings suggest that the Cattle Guru mobile application can serve as a useful supplementary extension tool for improving farmers� access to livestock management information. Strengthening digital literacy and integrating ICT-based advisory platforms with conventional extension systems may further enhance their adoption and effectiveness among dairy farmers.

Abstract\nBackground: \nHyperglycaemia in cattle is less frequently characterized than hypoglycaemia and is typically secondary to stress, inflammation, or metabolic compromise rather than primary endocrine dysfunction. Its clinical significance in hospitalized bovines remains underexplored.\nAim: \nTo evaluate the distribution, severity, and clinical associations of hyperglycaemia in bovine cases presented to a veterinary teaching hospital between 2023 and 2025.\nMethods: \nA retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 bovine cases with documented blood glucose concentrations ≥75 mg/dL. Cases were analyzed by disease system, hyperglycaemia severity, breed, age, and sex. Blood glucose data were categorized into four severity levels, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.\nResults: \nBlood glucose concentrations ranged from 77.2 to 378.6 mg/dL (mean ≈118 mg/dL; median ≈97 mg/dL), with a positively skewed distribution. Borderline/stress-associated hyperglycaemia (77–100 mg/dL) was the most frequent (52%), followed by mild elevations (100–150 mg/dL; 37%). Moderate (150–250 mg/dL) and severe (>250 mg/dL) hyperglycaemia were uncommon, observed in 8% and 3% of cases, respectively. Severe hyperglycaemia was primarily associated with acute gastrointestinal and metabolic emergencies, including acidosis (378.6 mg/dL) and recurrent diarrhoea (355 mg/dL). Holstein Friesian crossbred cows comprised the majority of cases (~50%).\nConclusion: \nHyperglycaemia in hospitalised cattle is predominantly mild and stress-induced. Marked elevations are rare and typically linked to acute metabolic or gastrointestinal compromise, suggesting potential prognostic value in critically ill patients. Blood glucose estimation may serve as an adjunct marker of disease severity rather than a primary diagnostic tool for endocrine dysfunction.

Introduction: Doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapy agent, has been linked to cognitive impairment in cancer patients and survivors. Dapagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has shown potential as a neuroprotective agent due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and mitochondrial-protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of dapagliflozin against doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in a rat model. Methods: Rats were administered doxorubicin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 1 and 5, and dapagliflozin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for eight days. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EPM), and Y-maze tests. Brain levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?), NF-?B, Bax, caspase-3, and ROS were measured, and mitochondrial complex I activity was determined. Results: Co-treatment with dapagliflozin significantly improved performance in the Y-maze and EPM tests compared to doxorubicin alone. Dapagliflozin attenuated doxorubicin-induced neuroinflammation, as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, and suppression of the NF-?B pathway. Furthermore, dapagliflozin decreased the expression of apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase-3), reduced ROS levels, and improved mitochondrial complex I activity. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects against doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that dapagliflozin is a promising therapeutic agent for managing the neurological side effects of doxorubicin treatment.

Objectives The study tried to determine the quality parameters in samples of commercial extra virgin olive oil. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of storage time and containers on the quality of six commercial samples of extra-virgin olive oil. Various containers, such as transparent and dark glass bottles, clear and dark plastic bottles, and a tin bottle, each bearing a different production date. Methods: We determined quality parameters for commercial extra virgin olive oil samples using international methods, which included peroxide values, total phenol content, free fatty acids, and fatty acid profiles. Results: The samples\' acidity, peroxide, and total phenol content ranged from 0.1–0.6%, 9.7–29.8 meqO2/kg oil, 5.4–244.3 mg GA/kg oil, and 0.1–78.8%, respectively. The fatty acid profiles showed a range of oleic acid (73.1–78.8%), palmitic acid (11.1–15.4%), linoleic acid (5.9%–10.1%), stearic acid (0.6%–1.0%), palmitoleic acid (0.4–0.8%), linolenic acid (0.3–0.8%), and arachidic acid (0.1–0.6%), which were compared to previous studies. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the majority of the samples examined complied with these standards. In particular, plastic and clear vessels exhibited a progressive deterioration in quality over the course of storage.