The oceans, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, are vital for biodiversity, climate regulation, and human well-being. However, they face growing threats from pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction. Sustainable tourism presents a unique opportunity to support marine conservation while driving socioeconomic development, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14. This study explores the relationship between tourism and marine sustainability, emphasizing responsible tourism practices, policy integration, and community engagement. By examining global case studies—including the Maldives, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, and Kenya’s coastal conservation efforts—the paper highlights successful strategies for balancing tourism growth with marine ecosystem preservation. Additionally, it discusses challenges such as over-tourism, resource constraints, and climate change, while proposing recommendations for sustainability certifications, global cooperation, and policy advancements. The findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts among governments, industry stakeholders, and local communities to ensure a sustainable future for ocean-based tourism and marine biodiversity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two different resin materials with tooth surfaces at different time intervals after bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty upper or lower premolar extracted teeth were selected and decoronated at CEJ. Next, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally in a mesiodistal direction to obtain 80 slabs of 4 mm x 4 mm x 3 mm. The individual slab was affixed in auto-polymerizing clear orthodontic resin. Samples were randomly divided into eight study groups (n=10). In group G1, samples were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 14 d and then the resin stub was fabrication over the tooth slab, G2 group was treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then the resin stub was immediately fabricated on treated tooth slabs. Similarly, samples of G3 and G4 were treated with 40% H2O2 and then stored at 37°C in artificial saliva for 7 d and 14 d, respectively. Afterward, resin stub was fabricated on treated tooth slabs on both groups. Likewise, in B1, B2, B3 and B4 groups samples were treated accordingly. However, the composite used for fabrication was Omnichroma instead of Estelite Sigma Quick composite used in G-group. The samples were evaluated for SBS and mode of fracture. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULTS: The highest SBS was observed in the G1 group (4.66±0.57 MPa). While the same G3 group demonstrated the lowest SBS value (3.67±0.59 MPa). The independent factor i.e., composite materials used had a non-significant effect on the SBS (p=0.320). However, another independent factor, i.e., storage condition had a significant effect on SBS (p < 0.001). Specimens of the groups that were stored for a long time showed 100% of their failure mode as "adhesive" in nature. CONCLUSION: Application of 40% H2O2 on tooth substance might hinder the process of composite resin bonding to the tooth. It would be viable to wait at least 2 weeks after the bleaching process for any restorative treatment.

In this paper, we defined a new graph entropy which is called level entropy. There are some level based entropy measures in the literature. Then, we obtain some relations between the level entropy and other level based entropy measures for rooted trees. Moreover, we obtain that level entropy is less than or equal to Wiener entropy of a rooted tree, if the root vertex of this tree is one of the most distant vertices to any vertex.

The research was carried out on 34 Holstein dairy cows in their first lactation period, which were determined to be healthy by general examination in a commercial dairy farm with 800 heads of Holstein and Simmental but predominantly Holstein dairy cows. These animals were fed the same ration and housed in the same environment during the experiment. These 34 Holstein pregnant heifers that will give calve for the first time were followed up and their development was monitored, blood samples were taken from the v. jugularis before the morning feeding on the 15th, 35th and 45th days following the calving, blood plasma and milk IGF-1 levels were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunoassay method and morning-evening change and seasonal changes were determined. According to the data obtained, the lowest plasma IGF-1 levels were determined in the samples on the 45th day in all periods; In addition, it was found that plasma IGF-1 values increased periodically in three different seasonal transition periods. It was observed that plasma IGF-1 levels showed the highest value (94.46 ng/ml) on the postnatal 35th day, and the lowest value (79.37 ng/ml) was obtained on the 45th day, with a difference at P<0.001 significance level. Plasma IGF-1 levels in morning samples were higher (P<0.01) compared to evening samples. Milk IGF-1 values in milk samples sampled on the 15th and 45th days reached the highest value in March (P<0.01); there was a decrease (51.61 ng/ml; 47.13 ng/ml) on the 45th day compared to the 15th day. Periodic increases (P<0.01) were observed in milk IGF-1 levels, like plasma ratios.

The purpose of this study is to develop low-cost palm frond activated carbon (AC) for the environmentally friendly elimination of oxalic acid from aqueous solution. The methods used activated carbon, which is generated by calcining AC at 600°C until it burns. The methods used activated carbon, which is generated by calcining AC at 600°C until it ignites. The samples were tested using FTIR, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Oxalic acid was adsorbed in a batch method with 0.5 g (AC) and 100 mL of solution at initial values ranging from 10 to 40 mg/L. Oxalic acid was adsorbed in a batch method with 0.5 g (AC) and 100 mL of solution at initial values ranging from 10 to 40 mg/L. Temperature, concentration, and time all have an effect on adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameters were determined, adsorption kinetics were assessed using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order computational models, and adsorption isotherms were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Peaks at 1450-1300 cm⁻¹ and 3300-3800 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR suggest OH stretching and functionalization (AC). AC's N2 adsorption isotherm has a surface area of 72.8 m²/g, a pore size of 1.87 nm, and a pore volume of 1.8755 cm³/g. The highest adsorption capacity is 89.056 mg/g. The elimination of oxalic acid was 98%. The adsorption process was spontaneous and less random, as demonstrated by negative thermodynamic characteristics ΔS∘ (-13.6, ΔH∘ -19.42), and ΔG∘ (-79.2 kJ/mol). Palm frond AC has a vast surface area and is highly porous, allowing it to successfully remove over 98% of harmful organic acids from polluted water. The findings of this study demonstrate that activated carbon can be effectively used as one of the best-quality, low-cost, readily available, eco-friendly bio-sorbents that are also economically beneficial in the long term.

The professionalism of the Physical Education Health And Sport (PEHS) teachers is determined by their competence. The means of competence development can be done through Teachers Working Group (TWG) PEHS. TWG PEHS is a means of professional activities for elementary school teachers (SD)/equivalent graduate at the District level consisting of a number of teachers PEHS from a number of schools. The factual conditions in the implementation of TWG PEHS has not matched with existing guidelines. The purpose of this study is to analyze factual implementation of TWG PEHS in North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency. The data were obtained by observation method, interviews, questionnaires, documentation studies, literature studies. The entire data obtained were reduced to get the data that were really important, then it were analyzed by using Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. The result of SWOT analysis is more deeply analyzed in the Focus Discussion Group (FGD) and it was analyzed to get the final conclusions. The conclusions are the PEHS TWG is formed on the basis of mutual interests and needs between the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (RTIU) of the Board of Education and Culture of North Indralaya District along with PEHS teachers, the Principals Working Deliberation (PWD), as well as the Ogan Ilir district government. The significance of this study is as input for RTIU Board of Education and Culture in fostering TWG PEHS

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between the manufacturing, manufacturing and manufacturing variables of the MERCOSUR pioneer countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). For that, the data provided by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) were considered. The variables listed were Year, GDP, establishments, employment and wages. To base the proposed analysis, we used the described data analysis of the Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests to verify the normality of the data, the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, the analysis of variance (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis) for to verify the differences between each of the means, together with the Mann-Whitney test that served as a Post Hoc test, ending with the linear regression, which did not fulfill the assumptions, and it can not be used to make future predictions. The SPSS Statistics version 23 software was used to support the statistical tests. After the entire study, it was concluded that in Argentina and Brazil GDP is influenced by the number of establishments and number of employment, unlike Paraguay that only the establishment influence in the country\'s GDP, while in Uruguay the variables wages and employment have a significant impact on local GDP growth.

Binary sequences used in GNSS Systems are found to be easily decoded due to less linear complexity. The correlation properties are extremely important while selecting the sequences for Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) Applications. Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based Sequences are being used in GNSS Systems such as GPS L2 CM Signal. Due to the short cycling of LFSR these sequences result in poor correlation properties. In this work the properties of binary sequences used in the state of the art GPS L2CM Navigation signal is explored. The odd and even correlation properties of GPS L2CM sequences are presented in detail. These sequences are analysed for their Linear Complexity property. A method is proposed for generation of 10230 bit length binary sequences. A new set of binary sequences with set size of 47 sequences are generated using chaotic real sequences. The generated sequences are analysed for odd correlation, even correlation and linear complexity properties. The proposed binary sequences are found to have better correlation and large linear complexity properties as compared to GPS L2 CM Sequences, which make them suitable for use in GNSS Applications

Climate change is a cyclic process that is determined by variety of natural forcings, however, it is increasingly being thought that human activities are changing its natural cyclicity by making changes in atmospheric chemistry. Present paper investigates the human impact on natural variability of climate by examining the association of temperature and rainfall with natural forcings like solar sunspot and ENSO cycles, as well as human forcings such as urbanisation, industrialisation, mining, deforestation etc. The analysis reveals that temperature and sunspot activities show a good association, while the effect of ENSO cycle on rainfall is not very clear. However, it is felt that there exists some causal relationship between human activities and climate change because the natural causes alone are not able to fully explain the changes occurring in temperature and rainfall.

Globalization influences the development of education in all countries, especially the development of higher education. To make higher education has equal position to famous universities around the world, it should place a target of being awarded as a world-class university. As the part of Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi (Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education), UNNES places a target to become a world-class university. One of its strategies to become WCU is by establishing international class in 8 programs. This research aims to (1) review the readiness of UNNES to become a world-class university through the establishment of international class and (2) analyze the supporting events to international class which impacts the readiness of UNNES as a world class university. This research was a research of policy with qualitative approach. The data of this research were analyzed in descriptive qualitative. The findings of this research showed that (1) the establishment of 8 international program in UNNES was one of the capital of UNNES’ readiness to become a world-class university, (2) the supporting factors of international class which impacted the readiness of UNNES as a world-class university were the commitment and policies made by the leaders of university and faculty in strengthening of culture and academic freedom.

The transient power system stability, defined as the system ability to regain the equilibrium point, is an important issue especially after being subjected to a physical disturbance. This transient stability strongly depends on the nonlinearities of the system model. In this paper, a class of a novel controller such as Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic (TSFL) was considered and employed to transform the nonlinear electric power system model to a linear subsystems interconnected by nonlinear functions in order to control system stability. The linear models number is tightly connected to the system number of nonlinearities. As the models increase in number, guaranteeing the closed loop stability becomes more difficult. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a method that consists in reducing the linear models number assuming the number of nonlinearities as uncertainties. Then, a Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) controller was designed using the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) constraints in order to guarantee system stability. Finally, this approach is applied on a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) affected by fault perturbation. To show the novelty of the Takagi Sugeno’s (TS) method, we compared our approach to Taylor linearization method. The simulation results prove the feasibility and the performance of the proposed method.

This paper mainly discusses a photovoltaic pumping system which consists of photovoltaic generator (PV ),Buck-Boost converter, three phase voltage inverter and an induction motor IM coupled to a centrifugal pump.\n\nThe sliding mode technique is used to control the chopper and DC-AC while the IM control is based on the rotor\neld-oriented control (FOC). The entire system including the modelling method and the control strategy was veried\nthrough simulation results obtained from a mathematical model implemented under Matlab software that well represented the studied system.