Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causing huge economic losses to the farmers and country as a whole. Mass vaccination is the strategy developed to control and finally eradicate the disease in endemic areas. However, the correct age of primary vaccination in young animals is critical as the persistence of maternal antibodies against FMD virus (FMDV) may interfere with the development of the effective active immunity after vaccination. Hence, it is important to understand the duration of persistence of these maternal antibodies against FMDV transferred through colostrum in different animal species susceptible to FMD. Here, we have reviewed the different studies conducted globally for determining the exact age of first vaccination in young ones and the duration for which maternal antibodies against FMDV persisted in different animal species susceptible to FMDV infection. This review has also included the different factors affecting the period of maternal antibody persistence. The review will also help to understand the importance and need of undertaking more studies related to maternal antibody persistence in susceptible young ones against FMDV and also against other diseases. Further, these studies will support formulating an effective primary vaccination schedule or improvements in the existing ones.

This manuscript is devoted to the mathematical analysis of Hepatitis B model of fractional order\nderivative. The corresponding derivative is taken in Caputo-Fabrizio sense, which is a new approach\nfor such type of biological models. With the help of Sumudu transform, some new results are handled.\nFurther for the corresponding results, existence theory and uniqueness for the equilibrium solution\nare provided via using nonlinear functional analysis and fixed point theory due to Banach. Here,\nwe remark that the current derivative approach is better than the traditional Caputo derivative in\nwhich singular kernel has been used which often suffer from difficulties but in the present paper we\nhave applied the mentioned derivative without using the aforesaid kernel.

The adsorption of methylene blue dye on to treated sugarcane bagasse was investigated in batch system. The different factors namely dosage, initial pH, initial dye concentration and temperature on specific uptake of dye was examined using treated sugarcane bagasse in order to evaluate equilibrium kinetic parameters. In order to evaluate decay rate and mass transfer parameters namely diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient for adsorption of methylene blue on acid treated sugarcane bagasse, the film pore mass transfer model was considered. The experimental decay data is well in agreement with predicted data other than high concentration of dye solution.

In this paper, an abacus is established for a Flat-Plate Solar Collector (FPSC) of a solar dryer through an experimental study. In past work, the FPSC was designed and realized at the Laboratory of Process Engineering (University of Ouargla) in the south-east of Algeria and then experiments were carried out under climate conditions of Ouargla city. The experimental study has contributed to the comprehension of some phenomena occurring during operation, but, in this new research, the steps followed experimentally lead to the establishment of an abacus which characterizes the FPSC. Then, the Abacus allows determining collector efficiency and air temperature rise.

Pseudogynecomastia is increased of fat deposition in histology. This is a case of pseudogynecomastia that report in metal pressing worker who hold and immobilize a firm wood under their right armpit during the sharping of a metal plate and thereby sustained chronic vibration, pressure, and irritation to their pectoral and abdomen region over the months, and four years after remove of this work not improved.\npseudogynecomastia can cause by trauma in occupational field. Detection of relationship between parameters such as frequency and intensity of trauma and any influence on existence or degree of pseudogynecomastia need further studies with more cases.

In the present study the effect of capsaicin was studied on the PD model flies expressing human alpha synuclein. The PD flies were allowed to feed separately on the diet having 20, 40, 80 and 100 µM of capsaicin for 24 days. After 24 days of exposure, the fly head homogenate was prepared from each group and was used to estimate glutathione-S-transferase (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), Dopamine content; glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The exposure of capsaicin not only significantly increases the GSH, dopamine content but also reduced GST, MAO activity and PC content compared to unexposed PD flies (p<0.05). The results suggest the protective role of capsaicin against the PD symptoms.

For animal body growth research as well as effective pest insect management, the characterization of growth pattern in organism is essential. A simple empirical mathematical technique is demonstrated here to understand the reproductive maturity age, mortality and whether the body growth is determinate or indeterminate, by incorporating a time dependent growth function G(t). This growth function for male and female grasshoppers Ceracris nigricornis laeta (Bol.) in Eastern Himalayan region (at Darjeeling, West Bengal, India) is estimated from time data of their body weight and length and consequently the nature of the growth is predicted. The theoretical approach introduced here is not only successfully tested on the grasshopper but also on male Moorish Tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) and Rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) using the existing experimental data. Therefore this technique not only enriches the growth biology but also contributes in ecology and pest management.

a las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) y aquellas personas que no han tenido dicha oportunidad, al igual que la diferencia en el nivel de uso para diferentes actividades. Con el propósito de reducir esta brecha, se emprenden procesos en el marco del fenómeno denominado inclusión digital. Estos fenómenos, a pesar de ser resientes en el campo teórico, poseen diversos acercamientos, lo cual es una dificultad para los investigadores al momento de iniciar a construir el respectivo marco teórico o revisión conceptual. En el presente documento se realiza una clasificación de literatura de la perspectiva social de la brecha digital y la inclusión digital con base en un proceso de revisión sistemática de literatura.\nComo conclusión se puede mencionar que contar con una clasificación de material bibliográfico sobre los fenómenos, permite a los investigadores agilizar sus procesos e iniciar sus investigaciones con un mayor enfoque y con fuentes de primera mano.