The study investigated application of Project Management Standards & Processes in software industry by approaching Project Managers to document their expectations and perceptions based on gender. Project Management standards and processes are essential to reduce project failures due to complexities and turbulence in the software sector especially in emerging economies. The study enables to investigate responses of male and female project managers by documenting their expectations (prior to application of project management standards) and perceptions (after application of project management standards) as well as focusing on gender of the respondents. This research examined the feedback of project management practitioners in the natural setting especially focusing on gender in the local setting of Pakistan. The study is based on survey approach to collect data through a structured questionnaire from 143 participants to document their expectations and perceptions regarding project management standards & processes. A questionnaire in English was developed by considering existing literature and feedback of the project management practitioners who are working in various software houses. Collected questionnaires were entered in SPSS version by excluding incomplete responses for data analysis. Selected statistical tools were applied to conclude the findings of the study. Results reveal an evident gap in expectations and perception of project managers being less rationale and more sentimental/emotional. Findings indicate that Male segment is dominant than Female in the software industry due to specific social and cultural environment of Pakistan. However, there is no significant difference between expectations and perceptions of male and female project managers. Software Houses (industry) are growing rapidly in Pakistan and dealing in local, regional and international clients. Moreover, there are numerous projects (both standardized and customized) in the Software industry especially since inception of China Pakistan of Economic Corridor (CPEC) that necessitates an examination of application of project management standards and processes. This study could enhance understanding of researchers, practitioners, academicians and other stakeholders serving in software industry.

Taiwan is located in sub-tropical region with hot summer so that when a building is subjected to direct sunshine, rooms on top floor become extremely hot; the building shell and wall is still hot even after sunset. Hence, air conditioners with large cooling capacities are often used for cooling the building rooms and interior walls in Taiwan at the cost of consuming a great deal of energy that is extremely un-economic. Recently, applying re-generated or renewable natural energy to regulate indoor temperature is becoming popular because it provides an environmental friendly method to satisfy building heating and cooling requirements economically. The groundwater below five meters of the ground level has a constant temperature about 20 centigrade year round at central Taiwan. To reduce the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) loadings, a heat exchanger can be provided to apply groundwater for cooling a building. The ultimate objective of this research is to utilize renewable groundwater resources to lower building room temperature during summer so that a comfort living environment can be provided while achieving energy savings and maintaining environmental quality by conducting pilot-scale studies on detailed pipe network design and layout. Major tasks to be completed in this research include: (1) establishing a groundwater cooling system, and (2) understanding the influence of groundwater flow rate on the cooling efficiency by varying the model parameters systematically to conduct simulation studies on the building shell and wall temperature. The 20 centigrade groundwater with various flow rates analyzed for the cooling effect of this proposed system. The experimental results show that the flow rate of groundwater at 110 and 140 LPM result in indoor temperature reduction of 2 to 5 centigrade. Nevertheless, the flow rate of groundwater at 90 LPM, the indoor temperature cannot be reduced.

This paper proposes a novel way of building concept graphs by probabilistically analyzing\nconnected hyperlinks among Wikipedia articles. This paper defines a single concept\nusing its corresponding Wikipedia article, and we use a web search engine named Elasticsearch\nto locate the concept level Wikipedia articles for a particular document corpus.\nThen, the hierarchical relationships of isolated concepts are determined by computing the\nsubsumption probabilities between incoming and outgoing hyperlinks, which are internally\nrepresented as a partial ordering matrix. To find more precise relationships among concepts,\nthe proposed method uses the weights of concepts that result from the number of incoming\nand outgoing hyperlinks. Specifically, to estimate the topological weights of concepts,\nwe devised a special weighting function that mainly uses the number of hyperlinks among\nWikipedia articles. Then, the weights of concepts are used to calculate the probabilistic\nsubsumption among concepts, which allows the generation of relatively more stable concept\ngraphs. Our prototype system can produce very reasonable concept graphs that contain\nboth noun level and propernoun level concepts. Such document corpus dependent concept\ngraphs can be used as a knowledge base for developing various text mining applications.

During the present study, from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), total 49 species were recorded belonging to under reference 3 orders, 24 families and 37 genera; whereas among Pansera fields, total 58 species were counted pertaining to 3 orders, 25 families and 52 genera. Maximum population was recorded from (AARI) fields 51.89% (N = 274) and least population was recorded from Pansera fields i.e. 48.11% (N = 254). In case of (AARI) fields, maximum population was recorded during 1st sampling (36 ± 6.08), followed by 33 ± 3.96 (3rd sampling), 31 ± 2.55 (4th sampling) and so on – while, least values were recorded during 3rd sampling (20 ± 5.23). In case of Pansera fields, maximum population was recorded during 4th sampling (37 ± 8.20), followed by 36 ± 7.50 (1st sampling), 30 ± 3.25 (5th sampling), 30 ± 3.25 and so on – while, least value was recorded during 9th sampling (14 ± 8.06). From the overall findings, significant results were recorded in case of Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI), fields and among them, higher relative abundance (67.15%; N = 184) was recorded for order Diptera. From Pensera sarson fields, higher relative abundance (71.26%; N = 181) was recorded for order Diptera, followed by Lepidoptera (25.98%; N = 66); however, least relative abundance (2.76%; N = 7) was recorded for order Coleoptera – whereas, comparative relative abundance of each species from each field was recorded heterogeneously. Wherein, a lot of species representing one crop instead of overall representation. From Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI): Coccinella septempunctata (Coccinellidae) was recorded as an extraordinary contributing species with relative abundance of 5.47% (N = 15). From Pansera fields, Musca domestica (Muscidae) was recorded abundantly with relative abundance of 6.30% (N = 16). Diversity (H) was recorded maximum among (AARI) fields (0.0685) and least was recorded among Pansera fields (0.0635). Evenness ratio was also recorded in same context (0.0281 and 0.0264, respectively). Dominance was recorded maximum from (AARI) fields (1.0281) and least fromPanser afields (1.0264). However, richness was a little bit recorded high among Pansera fields (17.7080) and least among (AARI) fields (15.1036). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was among both fields (sarson AARI and sarson pansera) showed non-significant results (F = 0.01; P = 0.9152).

The goal is to determine the mechanisms of soil-cement interlocked brick plus wood fibers under compressive loading. For this we used experimental stress analysis techniques. Horizontal deformations (?x) and vertical (?y) of bricks were obtained with extensometers, in the configuration of five rosettes. From the values of these deformations and using the equations of the theory of elasticity, Poisson coefficients were determined and elasticity modules, and calculated the corresponding voltages each escutcheon according to the equations of the State of plane stress. To determine the trajectory of the rupture voltage-loading graphics were made of each rosette. Knowing this trajectory determined the tensions related to the modification of the brick break mechanism. The appearance of a premature cracking or excessive is parameter used to determine the State limit of use of bricks.

The mosquito larvicidal, repellent and adulticidal activities were analyzed by ethanol extract of Sargassum polycystum (S. polycystum) against Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). The extraction was done in soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as solvent. The larvicidal activity was tested by various concentrations of the extract at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300µL against batches of 20 early fourth- instar larvae of dengue and filariasis vectors. The mortality was observed 24h after treatment. The repellent activity of the S. polycystum was determined against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in different concentration of the extract at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300µL/cm2. Adulticidal activity of the S. polycystum extract was tested against four to five day old female adults of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The adult mortality was observed 24h under the laboratory conditions. Each experiment was conducted with the three replicates and a concurrent control group. As per the WHO guidelines, the experiments were conducted. In larvicidal activity the maximum efficacy was observed at 200 µL concentrations of LC50 were (52.2±2.3) µL/ml and (53.2±2.3) µL/ml. At 300 µL of concentration extracts of S. polycystum showed maximum repellency percentage of 93% and 95.1% against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in 200µL concentration against Ae .aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 were (50.2±0.7) µL/ml and (51.2±0.9) µL/ml. The GC-MS reveals unique chemical compounds obtained from the extract of S. polycystum. The present study identifies the active insecticidal compounds from S. polycystum by GC-MS and from the results it can be concluded the extract of S. polycystum can be novel efficient ecofriendly biocontrol source against dengue and filariasis mosquitoes