In this paper, we performed a comparison based on ECG signals for participants with distinct ends of cardiopulmonary fitness at graded exercise intensities. Based on the targeted maximum hear rate, three graded upright biking exercise levels, light, moderate, and vigorous exercises, were defined for the experiment. The cardiopulmonary signals were acquired under rest condition, at three graded exercise levels, and under subsequent recovery periods. The participants were recruited from university freshmen with cardiopulmonary fitness norm at top, middle, and bottom 20% groups. Time domain and Spectral analysis were performed to study the principal components of hear rate variability (HRV) from recorded ECG signals. The time domain HRV parameters, SDNN and RMSSD, and their recovery rate, SDNNRR and RMSSDRR, did not indicate consistent support for significant differences between three groups throughout the graded exercises and their recoveries. Notably, the frequency domain measures TP, HF, nLF, nHF, and LF/HF of the spectrum analysis HRV indices all showed significant differences between the three groups. The LF power also showed a significant difference between rest and each of the exercise levels, and during the recovery period after vigorous exercise. The VLF index, however, did not seem to have a significant difference between groups except following moderate exercise (p = 0.001). A multiple-comparison test on TP indicated significant differences in most between-group comparisons (except between M and B during moderate exercise, T and M during recovery from moderate exercise, and M and B during recovery from vigorous exercise). Significant differences were found in most between-group comparisons (except between M and B at rest and during the recovery from light and medium exercise, and between T and M during the recovery from vigorous exercise).

TCSC employs fast switching ability of power electronic devices and is able to control power flow on transmission lines during various alarming stages. The aim of this work is to integrate TCSC into 500 KV Hubco-Jamshoro transmission line to investigate the operational benefits. A simulation model is developed under MATLAB/Simulink and many simulation studies are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed model for transmission line. The core essence of this work is to improve the power transmission capabilities of 500kV transmission line by employing TCSC switching schemes, which helps to compensate the power flows when installed in transmission line and thereby increases the transmission line loadability.

A field experiment was undertaken at the Agronomic Research area of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan) during the periods of October 15, 2011 to July 15, 2013; to evaluate the effect of cutting management, seed rates and sowing methods on seed yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The treatments comprised of three last cutting dates were 19 February (C1), 5 March (C2) and 19 March (C3), three seeding rates were 10 (S1), 15 (S2) and 20 kg ha-1 (S3) and four sowing method were line sowing in 30 (R1), 45(R2), 60 cm (R3) apart rows and broadcast (R0), respectively. Alfalfa variety named “Sargodha Lucerne” was sown in 3.6 m × 5.0 m plot size by using RCBD split plot arrangement with three replications. Cutting management was placed in the main plot while seeding rates and sowing methods were placed in sub-plots. Last cutting on 19 February (C1) has a high significant effect on raceme plant-1, pods raceme-1, 1000 seed wt. and final seed yield. Seeding rate of 10 kg ha-1has significant effect on raceme m-2, pods raceme-1, seeds pod-1 and final seed yield for both years. Results were also showed that sowing method of using 60 cm (R3) has significant effects on raceme m-2, pods raceme-1, seeds pod-1, 1000 seed wt. and final seed yield in both years. It concluded that alfalfa forage crop left on 19 February with 10 kg ha-1 and 60 cm gave the higher seed yield.

BACKGROUNDS:\nTo investigate renal papillae attenuation value differences between control and stone former (SF) patients and to evaluate the impact of Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements on the predictivity of stone development.\n\nMETHODS:\nWe compared papillae attenuation values in SF groups and a healthy stone-free control group. 88 primary and 98 recurrent SF patients whose metabolic evaluation had been carried out and 94 age-matched control patients were included to the study. Papillae tip attenuation was measured using non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in HU for an area with a mean size of 0.2 cm2. Inclusion criteria to the study was determined as known stone composition (CaOx), unilaterality and radiological examination underwent in our own center.\n\nRESULTS:\n186 patients who met the criteria and 94 age-matched control patients were mainly divided into three groups such as primary SF (Group 1), recurrent SF group (Group 2) and control group (Group 3). Metabolic laboratuary variables which were compared between primary and recurrent SF did not show any significant difference, except urinary volume and phosphorus. Median (IQR) value of papilla HU density for control group is 26.23, for primary SF group is 26.50 and for recurrent SF group is 29. A significant difference in papilla HU levels for each group was found (p=0.008) (Table 2). \n\nCONCLUSIONS:\nThis study implies that HU values reflect the severity of the stone disease, although they could not discriminate controls from primary stone formers whose stone forming risk is low compared to recurrent stone formers.

OBJECTIVE:\nWe aimed to compare the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to validate these effects with positron emission tomography. (PET).\nMATERIALS AND METHODS:\n56 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with 8 rats in each group. Group 1 was sham; group 2, I/R was induced; group 3, vitamin E (100 mg / kg) was administered in addition to I/R; In group 4, vitamin E was administered (no I/R); group 5, CoQ10 (10 mg / kg) was administered in addition to I/R; group 6, CoQ10 was administered (no I/R); group 7, vitamin E and CoQ10 were administered along with I/R.\nRESULTS\nThe increase in the grade score was statistically significant between Group 1 and Groups 2, 3, 5, 7 (p <0.05). Also statistically significant differences between Group 2 and Groups 4,6, 7; Group 3 and Group 4, 6; Group 4 and Group 5,7; Group 5 and 6 and between Group 6 and 7 (p < 0.05).\nThe decrease in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (STD) was statistically significant when Group 1 was compared with Groups 2,3,5 and 7(p <0.05). \nBiochemical examination in terms of catalaz (CAT), statistically significant differences were found between Group 1 and Groups 2,3,4,5; Group 2 and Groups 3,4,5,6; Group 3 and Group 4,5,6; Group 4 and 7 and between Group 5 and 7 (p <0.05). \nCONCLUSION\nAlthough the antioxidants showed positive and consistent effects on histopathological and biochemical examinations, the SUV max. results did not significantly reflect these protective activities.

Objective: Our study aimed to contribute, to the limited number of studies comparing tamsulosin and silodosin in the treatment of distal ureteral Stones, with a higher patient population. \nMaterial and Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2016, patients with renal colic at the urology emergency clinic who were diagnosed with ureteral stones and followed up with conservative treatment were retrospectively screened. According to the inclusion-exclusion criteria patients were divided into three groups. Group 1: 150 patients followed with watchfull waiting; Group 2: 156 patients who received 0.4 mg of tamsulosin daily; Group 3: 159 patients who received 8mg of silodosin daily. The side effects of drugs used in the treatment, the duration of stone reduction and expulsion rates were evaluated and compared separately. \nResults: A total of 465 patients were included to the study. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of age, gender and stone size among the groups. Patient characteristics and results are shown in Table 1. Differences of stone expulsion rate between the groups at the first week werefound non-significant using the Chi-square test (p = 0.155). The stone expulsion rates after two weeks were found significantly different between Group 1 vs. Group 2 and Group 1 vs. Group 3. Stone expulsion rate after three weeks were found significantly different between Group 1 vs. Group 2 and Group 1 vs. Group 3. \nConclusion: According to our results, no statistically significant superiority between tamsulosin and silodosin was shown in the treatment of distal ureteral stones in the Turkish population.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) is an allohexaploid (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42) originated from hybridization about 8000 years BC between a cultivated tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum L. (AABB, 2n=4x=28) and the wild goat grass Aegilops tauschii (DD, 2n=2x=14). In order to synthesize bread wheat, crosses were carried out between 7 genotypes of durum wheat and 13 ecotypes of Aegilops tauschii of various origin. The production of synthetic hybrids was made with and without the implementation of embryo rescue technique. Four genotypes of durum wheat, which carry genes for the production of unreduced gametes, yielded partially fertile hybrids after cross with ecotypes of Aegilops tauschii. The percentage of germination of the grains harvested on these hybrids varied between 22.2% and 65.2%. Growth abnormalities were observed on hybrid plants. The barriers of incompatibility between the two species were manifested by leaf chlorosis and lethal necrosis of hybrid plants.