In this experimental study, Aluminium (LM25) based boron carbide (B4C) graphite (Gr) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) particle reinforced hybrid composite materials were manufactured by stir casting. The tribological and mechanical properties of these composite materials were investigated. It is find that with an increase in the reinforcement content, the wear loss reduced monotonically with hardness and ultimate tensile strength decreased. The microstructure of this composite inspected and uniform distribution of reinforced particles in the matrix observed. Wear experiments conducted on pin-on-disc tester based three process parameters such as load, sliding velocity and distance; each varied for three levels. Loads of 10 N to 40 N, ; velocities of 2 m/s, 4 m/s, 6 m/s and distances of 1,000 m, 2,000 m, 3,000 m considered for analyzing the wear behavior of composite. Worn out surfaces of the composite specimen were analyzed using SEM for predicting the wear mechanism. The materials with ALMMCs have better wear characteristics. This study revealed that the addition of reinforcement significantly improves the wear resistance of aluminium composites. These entire results designate that the hybrid aluminium composites can be considered as an excellent material where high strength, ultimate tensile strength and wear-resistant components are of major importance, primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.
In this work the performance analysis of Spoke type Permanent Magnet Synchronous\nGenerator (S-PMSG) also called buried type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is presented\nfor aircraft application. The analytical design of the generator is carried out using design equations\nand it is verified by RMxprt software. The simulation analysis of the generator is performed by\nfinite element analysis software. The coupled transient electromagnetic and thermal analysis of the\ngenerator is carried out to find the load voltage, load current, cogging torque, heat generation and\nthermal heat flow. Finally, the overall performance of the analytically designed generator is\ncompared with the simulation
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) popularly known as skipjack tuna is a fish of world economic importance, captured through artisanal fishing. The macroscopic morphology of the gonads identifies the primary sexual characteristics (ovaries and testicles) of fish without sexual differentiation and through the identification in histological study of the gametogenic development identifies the successive structural modifications of the reproductive system. That study is based in the analysis of the macroscopic anatomy and the histological structure of females of K. pelamis. In the macroscopic analysis was considered gonadal shape and length, coloring, degree of vascularization, volume, weight, membrane transparency, visibility of ova that characterize the stadiums of ovarian development. Six phases of oocyte development were considered, based in the cytological characteristics of the germ cells during the maturation process, and four maturation stages, determined by the histological structure of the ovary and the occurrence and frequency of the six oocyte phases: initial maturation, final maturation, mature and emptied. The presence of germ cell nests and oocytes in phases of development, suggests intermittent spawning, where it occurs during all year, and the oocyte development is classified as synchronous in more than a group.
This work presents results of a comparative study between penitentiary treatment for men and women in Mexico. Firstly, a documental review was made to estimate the differences in operation between men\'s and women\'s penitentiaries in Mexico; right away, we expose reactions of a focus group integrated by penitentiary personnel working in a women\'s correctional center. It was found that there exists a differentiated treatment between men and women in prison that does not seem naturally justified, nor juridically pertinent. Starting from the administration, a distinct treatment persists between male and female inmates. Even if men correctional facilities have been improving in last years, omissions, anti-constitutional practices and misstatements are still often seen in women correctional centers. Besides this, a comparative discourse is maintained among correctional officers, being more negative for those who work in women\'s penitentiaries, and transmitting a generalized feeling of abandon due to the lack of government support.
The important need of this proposal is from recent publish on using Nano fluids as working fluid on the heat transfer and pressure drop in shell and helical coiled tube heat exchanger. The colloidal suspension of Nano sized particles like metal; and metal oxide like water ethylene glycol which are base conventional fluid form the Nano fluid. On doing many researches, the heat transfer fluid was invented and modified with the help of MWCNT Nano fluid. Based on double helical coil heat transfer analysis is reviewed in this proposal.
In recent years, the advent of new technology has placed a great responsibility on learning to sustain our information society. This has given rise to various learning methodologies, with e-learning forming an integral part of the learning process. E-Learning is defined as learning by using electronic devices with learning content obtained from the internet or an educational application accessed through the device. E-learning is also defined as a guided approach towards self-learning. With this approach towards learning, self-learning is promoted and also the problem of isolation that is attributed to self-learning can also be mitigated. Virtual Reality is a concept that has grown in an exponential manner owing to the introduction and evolution of techniques and technology into the field of Virtual and Augmented Reality. Currently, simulations of real-world scenarios can be achieved with a high value of realism using the concept of Virtual Reality. This characteristic of Virtual Reality environments gives an advantage towards e-learning where the solution to real-world problems can be learned virtually. Gesture recognition is another technology that has seen a steady increase in popularity as a method of human-computer interaction. Specific gestures can be translated to perform specific tasks. With hand gesture detection devices like Leap Motion, gesture detection to communicate with an environment has become simplistic, and usable. Combining such technologies with the learning process provides a lucrative methodology which can be leveraged to simplify the process of learning. In this paper, VIRECAR an E-learning based VIRtual reality CAR simulator with gesture and touch recognition built to provide a cheaper and safer approach for learning to drive a car.
Learning Digital signal processing (DSP) is considered as difficult and tedious task among undergraduate students. Our primary objective of the article is to overcome the difficulties among the students by providing hands-on experience by using Scilab and to learn the basics behind DSP. The primary motive is to discuss the applications of DSP and to implement their understanding of Fourier Theory and discrete time systems. This article has three folds: (i) Interpretation of signals by sampling frequency (Fs); (ii) Understanding the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) response with the interpretation of signals by Fs; and (iii) Gaining practical knowledge by exemplifying filter design techniques with electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing. Scilab tool is used here to simulate the DSP concepts.
The occurrence of a morphologically altered individual identified as Portunus segnis is reported in this note. An adult male of this species with additional chela in the left cheliped, which could results in difficulties for reproduction and escape from predators. There are some hypotheses and the cause of the malformation remains unknown, but the results are indicative that is most likely due to errors in morphogenetic processes.
Soil samples collected from auto-mechanic workshops in Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria, were analysed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) after petroleum hydrocarbon extraction and clean up. GC-FID resolved aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) present in the samples were composed of C8, C10 and C16 – C35 n-alkanes for sample-1, C16, C25, C28 and C30 – C36 n-alkanes for sample-2 and for sample-3, C16 - C18, C21 – C36 n-alkanes with observed unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of hydrocarbons from C22 – C36. These n-alkane carbon number ranges suggest gasoline, diesel, lube oil and grease sources for contamination of sample-1 soils, diesel and grease sources for sample-2 soils and diesel, lube oil and grease sources for sample-3 soils. In all the soil samples, the kerosene range n-alkanes from C10 – C15 were completely absent. Petroleum products contribution to the hydrocarbon mix in the soil samples were estimated from composition of n-alkanes. The chemical composition features suggest grease as the major source of hydrocarbon contamination in the soils with varying inputs from gasoline, diesel and lube oil. The presence of UCM of hydrocarbons in sample-3 indicated the aliphatic hydrocarbons in the soil had undergone degradation.
This paper is focused on horizontal, vertical, and temperature-dependent distributions, size composition of bottom and mid-water trawl catches, and biomass estimations of smooth lumpsucker Aptocyclus ventricosus (Cycl1opteridae) within the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the northwestern Sea of Japan. This species is distributed very widely throughout the study area inhabiting both near-bottom layers and water column. It is less abundant in small bays and in the northern Tatar Strait (north to 50°N). Despite wide bathymetric (0 to 940 m) and temperature (-1.1 to +12.2°С) ranges this species occurred mainly within the lower mesopelagic zone of 400-800 m depths and cold temperatures of -0.5 - 1°C. In the near-bottom layer catches of smooth lumpsucker were represented by fish with TL 5-45 cm (mean 28.1 cm, dominant lengths 29-37 cm) while in water column its TL varied 4 to 41 cm with mean 17.9 cm, most abundant were fish with TL 8-15 and 24-31 cm; the difference is associated with specific life history aspects of the species considered. Recent increase of smooth lumpsucker biomass in the study area was observed with estimated value of 3000 t in the northern Primorye.