In this study, the influence of coolant temperature and percentage volume concentrations of nanoparticles on exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine at 1500rev/min has been investigated experimentally. The tests were conducted at four different loads and with three different volume concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) of Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids based coolants. The experimental results revealed that the concentrations of NOx emissions were increased and the emissions of HC and CO decreased with the increased of load and coolant temperature. On the other side, with the increase of percentage volume concentrations of Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles in base coolant, decreasing NOx emission and HC and CO emissions boosted.

The frequency regulation is the main priority for grid dispatcher in order to obtain balance of power system. Since the integration of RnE in electrical grid, the frequency control became more complicated than the conventional energy; this is due to the nature of primary energy such as irradiation of solar energy and speed of wind energy. In this paper, we proposed a new method to regulate frequency based on the command of a special load. To control this load, we proposed PI method. The Matlab/Simulink simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and benefit the stability of power system.

The hydraulic jump is mainly used for energy dissipation at the downstream side of spillways, drops, chutes, and gates with the assist of baffle blocks. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the hydraulic jump on crushed stone beds. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of bed roughness on both the sequent depth ratio and the jump length. It has been observed that crushed stone beds results in considerably higher energy dissipation than a smooth bed at the downstream. In this experimental study, the effect of five different sets of crushed stone bed on the characteristics of the hydraulic jump is studied. The experiment is carried out in such a way that the size of crushed stones is increased after each set. The analysis of the phenomenon was conducted using the Ballenger’s equation. The important conclusion which can be drawn from the experiment is that the effect of an increase in height of rough bed on energy dissipation will not improve after a certain height for a particular channel. The results confirm the effect of crushed stone bed for energy dissipation and can decrease the cost of stilling basins to a large extent.

Early reading ability is the foundation to start other academic proficiencies which should be mastered by a student. Low early reading proficency could have an effect of low academic achievement. This research is aimed to examine the effectiveness’ differences between multi-sensory reading method of stepping stone Flashcard Multisensory (FMS) and constructive game method scrabble to improve the early reading skill of first grade elementary school students. The hypothesis of this study is there is effectiveness difference between stepping stone FMS reading method and scrabble active constructive game method in improving early reading skill of first grade students of elementary school. It was shown that the early reading skill of first graders in the experiment group is higher than that of the control group. The research instrument applied was reading test. Mann-Whitney U was used for he data analysis. The results show that there is no significant difference in the early reading skill between the FMS and scrabble groups (Z = -1,720; p=0,0085 where p > 0,05). Eventhough the gain score average difference between experiment and control group is not significant, the early reading skill of FMS group is higher than scrabble group (Me = 20,38; Mk = 14,94).